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Time Value and Greeks explained simply

The price of an option is not only about direction. One part is intrinsic value, one part is time value. The Greeks show how sensitive that price is to market, time, and volatility.

Price logic

Intrinsic value plus time value

The option price = intrinsic value + time value. Time value gets smaller as the option moves closer to expiration. This is reflected by the theta value.

Example: A call option costs 8 EUR, spot is 105 EUR, and strike is 100 EUR. Then 5 EUR is intrinsic value and 3 EUR is time value.

The split in compact form

  • Spot 105 minus strike 100 = 5 EUR intrinsic value
  • Premium 8 EUR minus intrinsic value 5 EUR = 3 EUR time value
Intrinsic Time 5 EUR 3 EUR Option premium 8 EUR

The key Greeks make these price moves easier to read:

  • Delta How much does the option move when the underlying moves?
  • Theta How much time value does the option lose per day?
    $14 $7 0 11.90 9.80 7.00 90 60 30 0 Days to expiration Time value

    Time decay depends strongly on moneyness: ATM options usually lose time value fastest near expiration. ITM options also contain intrinsic value, so their time decay is often less pronounced and more linear. OTM options consist only of time value; that value goes to zero by expiration, but the final decay is often less steep than with ATM options.

  • Gamma How much does delta itself change?
  • Vega How much does price react to changing IV?

Sources: DeltaValue, Extrinsic value, DeltaValue, Option Greeks, LYNX, Option Greeks, LYNX, Theta

Summary

Key points at a glance

  • Intrinsic value Immediate benefit from exercise.
  • Time value The remaining part of the premium that decays over time.
  • Delta Reaction to the underlying move.
  • Theta Daily time decay.
  • Gamma Change in delta.
  • Vega Reaction to implied volatility.

Small example calculation for the Greeks

Assume an option with Delta 0.45, Theta -0.08, and Vega 0.12.

  • Delta If the underlying rises by 1 EUR, the option rises by roughly 0.45 EUR.
  • Theta If one day passes, the option loses about 0.08 EUR under otherwise unchanged conditions.
  • Vega If implied volatility rises by 1 point, the option gains about 0.12 EUR.